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Common Shoulder and Arm Conditions
What it is: Tears or inflammation of the four muscles that stabilize the shoulder.
Common causes: Overhead sports, repetitive motions, acute trauma, and aging.
Symptoms: Pain with overhead activities, weakness, and nighttime pain.
How we treat: Manual therapy, progressive strengthening, scapular stabilization, return-to-sport protocols.
What it is: Compression of rotator cuff tendons under the acromion bone.
Common causes: Poor posture, muscle imbalances, and overhead activities.
Symptoms: Pain with arm raising, catching sensation, and weakness.
How we treat: Mobility restoration, posture correction, rotator cuff, and scapular strengthening.
What they are: Tears in the cartilage rim of the shoulder socket.
Common causes: Overhead throwing, falls, and dislocations.
Symptoms: Deep shoulder pain, clicking, and instability.
How we treat: Post-surgical rehab following repair, or conservative strengthening for non-surgical cases.
What it is: Stiffness and loss of motion in the shoulder joint.
Common causes: Immobilization, diabetes, post-injury.
Symptoms: Severe stiffness, limited range of motion, and pain.
How we treat: Joint mobilization, stretching, progressive motion restoration.
What it is: Inflammation or irritation of the long head of the biceps tendon.
Common causes: Overhead activities, heavy lifting.
Symptoms: Front shoulder pain, weakness, and sometimes popping.
How we treat: Load management, strengthening, and manual therapy.
Common Elbow and Wrist Conditions
What it is: Inflammation of tendons on the outside of the elbow.
Common causes: Racquet sports, repetitive gripping, and computer work.
Symptoms: Pain in the outer elbow, weak grip, pain with lifting.
How we treat: Manual therapy, eccentric strengthening, activity modification, biomechanical correction.
What it is: Inflammation of tendons on the inside of the elbow.
Common causes: Golf, throwing sports, repetitive wrist flexion.
Symptoms: Inner elbow pain, weakness, and pain with gripping.
How we treat: Progressive loading, wrist strengthening, sport-specific rehab.
What it is: Sprain or tear of the ulnar collateral ligament in the elbow.
Common causes: Overhead throwing (baseball, softball).
Symptoms: Inner elbow pain, decreased throwing velocity, and instability.
How we treat: Post-surgical Tommy John rehab, or conservative strengthening for partial tears.
What it is: Ligament injury in the wrist.
Common causes: Falls, sports trauma.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, limited motion.
How we treat: Immobilization if needed, progressive strengthening, proprioception training.
What it is: Compression of the median nerve in the wrist.
Common causes: Repetitive hand use, pregnancy, and diabetes.
Symptoms: Numbness, tingling, weakness in the thumb/fingers.
How we treat: Nerve gliding, splinting, ergonomic modifications, post-surgical rehab if needed.
Common Spine Conditions
What it is: Pain in the lumbar region without a specific structural cause.
Common causes: Poor posture, weak core, lifting injuries, prolonged sitting.
Symptoms: Aching, stiffness, pain with movement.
How we treat: Root cause assessment, manual therapy, core strengthening, movement re-education.
What it is: Bulging or rupture of a spinal disc.
Common causes: Heavy lifting, trauma, degeneration.
Symptoms: Radiating pain down the leg/arm, numbness, weakness.
How we treat: McKenzie method, core stabilization, progressive loading, post-surgical rehab if needed.
What it is: Irritation of the sciatic nerve, causing leg pain.
Common causes: Disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and piriformis syndrome.
Symptoms: Pain radiating down the leg, numbness, tingling.
How we treat: Nerve mobilization, core strengthening, hip stabilization, manual therapy.
What it is: Narrowing of the spinal canal compressing nerves.
Common causes: Aging, arthritis, and bone spurs.
Symptoms: Leg pain with walking, relief when bending forward.
How we treat: Core stabilization, postural training, pain management strategies.
What it is: Inflammation or misalignment of the sacroiliac joint.
Common causes: Pregnancy, trauma, leg length discrepancy.
Symptoms: Lower back/buttock pain, pain with stairs.
How we treat: Joint mobilization, pelvic stabilization, hip strengthening.
What it is: Cervical spine pain, often from trauma.
Common causes: Car accidents, sports collisions, and poor posture.
Symptoms: Neck stiffness, headaches, and shoulder pain.
How we treat: Manual therapy, postural correction, progressive strengthening.
Common Hip and Pelvis Conditions
What it is: A Tear in the cartilage rim of the hip socket.
Common causes: FAI, trauma, repetitive pivoting.
Symptoms: Deep hip/groin pain, clicking, limited motion.
How we treat: Post-surgical rehab, or conservative hip strengthening and mobility work.
What it is: Abnormal contact between the hip bones.
Common causes: Bone shape abnormalities, repetitive hip flexion.
Symptoms: Groin pain with sitting, squatting, and hip flexion.
How we treat: Hip mobility, strengthening, activity modification, post-surgical rehab if needed.
What it is: Inflammation of a fluid-filled sac on the side of the hip.
Common causes: Overuse, IT band tightness, weakness.
Symptoms: Outer hip pain, pain lying on side.
How we treat: Manual therapy, hip strengthening (especially glutes), gait correction.
What it is: A Tear or strain of the adductor muscles.
Common causes: Kicking sports, quick direction changes.
Symptoms: Inner thigh/groin pain, weakness.
How we treat: Progressive strengthening, return-to-sport protocols, biomechanical correction.
What it is: Degeneration of hip cartilage.
Common causes: Aging, prior injury, and genetics.
Symptoms: Deep hip pain, stiffness, limited motion.
How we treat: Strengthening, mobility work, activity modification, pre-/post-total hip replacement rehab.
Common Knee Conditions
What it is: A Tear of the anterior cruciate ligament in the knee.
Common causes: Non-contact pivoting, landing from jumps (basketball, soccer, skiing).
Symptoms: Popping sensation, swelling, instability, and giving way.
How we treat: Post-surgical ACL reconstruction rehab with return-to-sport testing, or conservative strengthening for partial tears.
What it is: A Tear in the knee cartilage.
Common causes: Twisting injuries, degeneration.
Symptoms: Clicking, catching, swelling, and pain with squatting.
How we treat: Post-surgical rehab, or conservative strengthening and loading strategies.
What it is: Inflammation/degeneration of the patellar tendon.
Common causes: Jumping sports (basketball, volleyball).
Symptoms: Front knee pain below the kneecap, pain with jumping/landing.
How we treat: Progressive loading programs, biomechanical correction, manual therapy.
What it is: Pain around or behind the kneecap.
Common causes: Running, weak hips, muscle imbalances.
Symptoms: Anterior knee pain with stairs, running, and sitting.
How we treat: Hip strengthening, gait retraining, quadriceps strengthening, manual therapy.
What it is: Inflammation of the iliotibial band on the outer knee.
Common causes: Running, cycling, and hip weakness.
Symptoms: Outer knee pain, especially with running.
How we treat: Hip strengthening, manual therapy, running gait correction.
What it is: Ligament injury on the inside or outside of the knee.
Common causes: Contact sports, twisting injuries.
Symptoms: Pain on the side of the knee, swelling, and instability.
How we treat: Bracing if needed, progressive strengthening, return-to-sport protocols.
What it is: Surgical replacement of the knee joint.
Common causes: Severe arthritis.
Symptoms: Chronic pain, stiffness, limited function.
How we treat: Post-surgical rehab focused on motion restoration, quad activation, progressive strengthening.
Common Ankle and Foot Conditions
What it is: Ligament injury from rolling/twisting the ankle.
Common causes: Sports, uneven surfaces, falls.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, bruising, instability.
How we treat: Progressive stability training, proprioception work, strengthening, return-to-sport protocols.
What it is: Inflammation/degeneration of the Achilles tendon.
Common causes: Running, jumping, sudden increases in activity.
Symptoms: Back of ankle pain, stiffness, swelling.
How we treat: Eccentric strengthening (heel drops), progressive loading, gait correction.
What it is: Complete tear of the Achilles tendon.
Common causes: Sudden push-off movements and jumping.
Symptoms: Popping sensation, inability to push off, swelling.
How we treat: Post-surgical rehab with progressive loading and return-to-activity testing.
What it is: Inflammation of tissue on the bottom of the foot.
Common causes: Running, prolonged standing, flat feet.
Symptoms: Heel pain, especially with the first steps in the morning.
How we treat: Stretching, progressive loading, footwear assessment, and manual therapy.
What it is: Pain along the shin bone (medial tibial stress syndrome).
Common causes: Running, sudden increases in training.
Symptoms: Lower leg pain with activity.
How we treat: Load management, calf/foot strengthening, gait analysis, training modification.
What it is: Small cracks in bone from repetitive stress.
Common causes: Overtraining, sudden increases in activity.
Symptoms: Localized bone pain, swelling.
How we treat: Load management, bone health assessment, progressive return to activity, biomechanical correction.
